Water Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water Cycle - Essay Example Factory effluence, poor sewage management, and poor waste disposal have threatened the supply of fresh water to significant levels. Oil spillage features as a dominant factor of pollution in the modern world. Industrialization and urbanization are some of the human factors that have caused significant shortages in the availability of fresh water. Unequal distribution of fresh water resources has created conflicts and occasioned artificial shortages in many parts of the world. Modernization and technological systems of water supply has also had some adverse impact on the availability of fresh water. For instance, certain developments such as irrigations often require the consumption of large supplies of water. Modern usages of water occasion wastage of large amounts of water leading to acute shortages (Royte, 2010). Human interventions in water availability has often involved the conflicts between parties where by the most privileged parties use financial means or political superiority to deny other groups sufficient access to water. Examples exist in parts of the developing world where conflicts between communities or countries have often led to acute water shortages in some of the affec ted

The Reference Letter of John Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Reference Letter of John - Essay Example John proved to be altogether different from the rest of his colleagues as he looked at our business from the perspective of an outsider and this made a huge difference. He helped us to understand that funeral industry is not much different from any other product or service industry with stakeholders such as owners, employees, customers, suppliers, competitors etc. and went about strategizing our operations, even as he plunged himself into executing his specific role with rare zeal. His entrepreneurial streak and leadership qualities came to the fore as he involved himself in activities beyond the call of duty without treading on others’ toes. He is a team player par excellence. John changed the way we looked at our business in a number of areas like inventory control, working capital management, buyer-seller relationships, marketing, customer relations and above all, adopting the technology. All these changes as briefly explained below, have metamorphosed our operations like never before. John critically analyzed the past years’ data on stores and inventory movement and helped to rationalize the inventory management and thus working capital needs. He put in place a system of inventory control that tied up with the corporate goals of growth and profitability. Working capital costs have been brought down by avoiding high stocks slow moving but easily available items, even as incidents of unforeseen emergencies due to ‘stock outs’ of critical items were reduced. He has underlined the role of developing strategic relationships with critical suppliers in order to achieve a rational inventory control, whereby the suppliers are now more confident of their business with us and are willing to meet our demands of prices and delivery schedules.

Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay Example for Free

Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay In Malcolm Gladwell’s The Outliers, his goal is to convince the reader that â€Å"people don’t rise from nothing† and that â€Å" we do owe something to parentage and patronage. † Although certain people’s success requires prerequisites of talent and knowledge. I agree with Gladwell that it is not solely because of these talents that these people are successful. However, their success most often is dependant on one’s past good fortune. For example, when or where one was born and raised, one’s cultural background and family legacies, one’s schooling, and many other factors, create opportunities for success where these talents can be utilized. Although some people are thought to have risen from nothing or to have gone from rags to riches, the fact is no one is capable of creating their own success without the help of others and good fortunes along the way. In this passage, a point that Gladwell points out is that success can be created by parentage and patronage, hidden advantages and opportunities, cultural backgrounds and family legacies. An example of the importance of one’s cultural backgrounds and family influence is the way we are raised. Our parents, as our first teachers have a big role in who will become in our lives; they teach us how to interact with other people, how to act in certain situations and how to present ourselves to others. The different religious and cultural backgrounds of our parents, and also the way our parents were raised have an enormous impact on the way our parents raise us. As a parent, the balancing of strictness, pressure, giving, loving, helping, and withholding, among other factors can be difficult, with the question being what balance is the best to raise a child. Because we are all raised in different ways everyone has different views on how to raise a child based on their knowledge of how they were raised. This proves that the way we are raised can make the difference in our success. An example of how parentage and patronage play a role in one’s success is sometimes evident in schooling. Everyday people acquire things they may not deserve because of their family and who they may know. A very common example of this is the use of legacies for admission into a university. Students use their parental legacies at schools all the time and depending on the school this can have an impact on the student’s admission to the school. Another strategy applicants use to help their admission into a school is to search for someone to write their recommendation letter that will have the most amount of influence on the admissions office. Another example of how â€Å"whom you know† can make the difference in one’s success is when looking for jobs. If your aunt, father, grandfather or friend owns or works at a successful business and they help you get a job, sometimes right out of college even if you aren’t as qualified as someone else who wants the job. This way, you are getting an opportunity that you wouldn’t have had otherwise that could make the difference of your success. Therefore, everyday instances like using legacies to get into college, inquiring jobs because of nepitism, or even getting moved up to an honors class because your mom called the school can create success for our futures. In this excerpt from Malcom Gladwell’s The Outliers, Gladwell makes the point that success requires help from others and good fortune to get ahead and become successful. I think whether we realize it or not we are always using advantages we have to get ahead in our own lives, in order to set us up for a more successful future.

Health Care Access for Maori and non-Maori

Health Care Access for Maori and non-Maori Health care access and opportunities for Maori and non-Maori   Assessment 1 individual INTRODUCTION It can be said that; ‘Of all form of inequality, inequalities in health care the most inhuman of all’. This assessment is concerned with social, economic, political and historical factors which contributed to health status of Maori and non-Maori. Inequalities and disparities in health status comes are considerable. So there is a dramatic difference between Maori and non-Maori health status due to many reasons such as poor nutrition, lowest income, inappropriate education system, culture, language, loss of lands, unhygienic foods and many more. The recommendation in this assignment focus on different factors related to health of Maori and non-Maori people. In which to identify the biggest causes the poor health status and better understand the casual path linking of social, political, economic and historical factors. There is wide disparities in health exist among people in New Zealand. Treaty of Waitangi The treaty established a British governor of New Zealand, which recognised Maori ownership of their lands and other properties. The treaty of Waitangi is first signed in 6th February 1840 by British crown. Around 530-540 chiefs, at least 13 of them women, signed the treaty of Waitangi. The English and Maori version of treaty different, so there is no consensus .the Maori believed they ceded to the crown a right of governance for protection without giving up their authority to manage their own affair. There is following views which contributed to inequalities and disparities in Maori and non Maori health status; Social Review Social status is based on occupation, education and life style of Maori and non-Maori people which is key determinant of health. There is a combination of materials like poverty in which includes poor housing, poor nutrition and stress caused by low social health status results in health inequalities. As a social factor, lifestyle is most dominant cause of inequality because the Maori has different lifestyle than non-Maori. In which cancer is single biggest cause of death in Maori due to taking of smoking and exposure to second hand smoke. Apart from this, it is noticed that the Maori women were twice as likely to smoke as women of non-Maori population. so the excessive smoking may lead to lung and breast cancer in Maori people. Moreover other associated factors are excessive alcohol consumption and more exposure to sun which contribute to bad health status. In addition nutritional habits also put great impact on health status of Maori and non-Maori. The Maori has poor nutritional ta ke and also more obese than non-Maori. So obesity is very dangerous for health that may lead many other health problems and dangerous diseases which may even lead to death. Furthermore heart diseases and genetic components are major factors that associated their lifestyle in which Maori people has low physical activity and poor nutrition intake influence the health. In addition to it, the use of mental health services served in 2002 was more in Maori rather than other islanders. Maori have high admission rate to mental hospitals and the diagnose and aetiology behind the mental disorder was related to their lifestyle like alcohol and drug consumption because drugs are directly affecting on brain nerves and a person becomes mentally week which can make is mind unstable and he is a way of any understanding due to the effect of drugs. Moreover unsafe sexual habits, gambling and participate in dangerous activity are also a case of bad health status on Maori people. In brief social conditions are particularly important in determining health of people because when a social environment is supportive then great influence on health. At last it can be said that poor nutrition, bad lifestyle, disruption, urbanisation, inappropriate education and poor nutrition intake lead to inequalities and disparities between Maori and non-Maori population. Economic Review There are number of survey has been done to recognise the economic factor that contribute to the health status of Maori and non-Maori. The economic level is very different of Maori and non-Maori people that may affect the health of both populations. It has been showed that non Maori men have more income than Maori. The low income people have not sufficient money for the treatment of disease because in new island income inequalities have been increased in late 1980 and 1990. This standard of living is some degree of hardship and fall in unemployment. Beside this loss of shelter, food and land are important determinant that may lead bad health effect on Maori people. The Maori population has no access of telephone, not receiving a man texting benefits, low income, illiteracy, overcrowded housing and even not living in their own home. So in this way Maori health status is very low as compared to non-Maori. It is also suggested that inequalities in income also contribute in death rates. Furthermore, decline of Maori population in 18th and 19thcentury of colonisation. It is also believe that impact of colonisation in such a way like loss of land, houses, food, culture and language may lead to bad status on health 0of Maori people. Furthermore, racial factor is also contributed in inequalities. It can be understood by low qualification rate of Maori people because western education system was not appropriate for Maori. Maori and the reason behind this was other cause is unemployment in which seen that Maori have high rate of unemployment than non-Maori were lived in rural and natural places. Last but not the least cause under economic factor is poor health delivery care service to Maori people. So at the end it can be include that colonisation, loss of land, literacy, and overcrowded housing leaded negative effect on Maori health status. Historical view In view of history the Maori people lived in rural areas or small town. The ancestor of Maori was illiterate and had no value of education. So in this way their children have also not went to school and unaware about value and need of education. The rate of school completion in 2001 was very low in Maori group (30.5%) as compared to non-Maori (52.4%).as a result of rate of unemployment was twice than European part. Apart from this, from a decades and century the Maori was very prone to many ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, liver cancer and diabetes which all diseases may be seen in hereditary form also. In addition, most of Maori was prone to physical disabilities that may put great impact on Maori health. The other reason behind inequalities of health status in Maori and non-Maori people was old education system. Before 1840s, the Maori children only learnt language, skills in fishing, mat-making, hunting, gardening, cooking and many more which only related to Maori. But after 1840s many schools were established by European missionaries and forced Maori children to attend ordinary schools. But Maori children did not reach an acceptable level of European education and consequently, Maori students leave the school early. So in this way they were illiterate and unemployed which resulted that they were not participated in health care services and self-health care that may lead to high mortality rate in Maori population than non-Maori. In addition, bad and negative perception regarding hospital was one of reason of inequalities in Maori and non-Maori. There was hospital system proven ineffective in Maori population because nonetheless, thirteen Maoris patient were died from 1849-1851 and these deaths had negative effect on Maori perception. They concluded that ‘hospitals had a bad name among Maoris, they were thought of as places where one went to die’. Political view The politics has great impact on Maori and non-Maori health during the 1990s there was broad agreement between major political parties that settlement of historical claim was appropriate, in recent years it has become the subject of heightened debate. According to have Mann (1999) in 1848 -1863 the whole land of South Island by unscrupulously purchasing land from Ngai tahu tribe’s .but consequently this leaded to invasion in Waikato and tahini tribes. In case of question about the responsibilities of central government ,more than 80% respondent thought it should be the government role to maintain the standard of living and standard of health so in this way ,it was the government responsibility’s to provide jobs and reduce the income inequalities between Maori and non-Maori during the 1990s there was broad agreement between major political parties that settlement of historical claim was appropriate ,in recent years it has become the subject of heightened debate. According to have Mann (1999) in 1848 -1863 the whole land of South Island by unscrupulously purchasing land from Ngai tahu tribe’s .but consequently this leaded to invasion in Waikato and tahini tribes. In case of question about the responsibilities of central government, more than 80% respondent thought it should be the government role to maintain the standard of living and standard of health so in this way, it was the government responsibility’s to provide jobs and reduce the income inequalities between Maori and non-Maori. Housing The structure of housing is different in Maori and non-Maori population. The Maori people lived in rural areas where all facilities in home were not reached properly. so in asthma. In 2001 air pollution from home heating was associated with almost 1100 premature deaths. so because health status is largely determined by socio economic factors the improvements are mainly influenced by housing quality. Health care access and opportunities for Maori and non-Maori The Maori journeyed to New Zealand via pacific approximately 1000 years and the first recorded accrued in 1769 at the time of James cook from Britain. There is increasing evident that Maori and non-Maori differ in term primary and secondary health care services .in which the Maori less likely to preferred to surgical care and specialist services .other one is the Maori received lower level of health care than expected level of quality hospital. The Maori obtaining necessary care only from local areas as compared to non-Maori. There is another evident from previous study which reported the barrier to assessing the diabetes among Maori and Maori got unsatisfactory care rather than non-Maori population. Moreover, the cost involved for a treatment is also a significant barrier to Maori access to health services. Rights of others and legitimacy of difference This way the Maori people has not proper ventilation and exhausted fan in house which leaded respiratory problems in Maori population. The Maori houses are cold, damp and polluted which leads many problems. The all human being in this world has their own rights according to their culture and religion. So it is important to understand the different rights of others. The first which one is absolute rights which must never be limited in any way even a state of war or emergency. Moreover the right is not to be tortured in an inhumane way. Other one is non- absolute which can be limited in certain circumstance. Under this right the all people have right to liberty can be limited include being sent to jail if commit any crime. In which non- absolute the qualified right is that to respect for private and family life, right to freedom of expression, thought, and religion. LEGITIMACY; is a popular acceptance of an authority. It is a value whereby something or someone is recognised and accepted as right and proper. In which include different people has their different rational values, customs and habits.Morover every person have their own ideas or charisma of leader. Apart from this, government institution establishes and enforces law and order in the public interest. The legitimacy of intergroup status differences has profound effects on attitude, emotions and behaviour. In 143 hospitals organization noticed the effects in two forms managerial and technical. Results shows that both the managerial and technical forms provided notable improvement in survival chances. The power relationship in healthcare; The health care providers and practitioner play a vital role in power relationship .they are the persons which provide the health care in all level of health and all category of people either poor and rich, Maori and non Maori there was a strong evidence of a dose –response relationship between Maori and non Maori and racial discrimination in health care centres. The Maori was 10 times more likely to experience multiple type of discrimination as compared to Europeans and others. These results highlight the need for racism to be considered to eliminate ethic inequalities in health care. In health care setting the nurses identifying the power relationship between the services provider and the people who use the services. the care provider must an emphasis health gains and positive health outcome because all people has different in age, gender, sexual orientation, occupation and socioeconomic status, ethnic origin or migrant experience, religious or spiritual belief, disability. The nurse accepts and sorts alongside others after undergoing a careful process ofpower relationship .the health care provider concern about quality improvement in service delivery and consumer rights. Moreover health care provider resolves any tension between the cultures of nursing and the people using the services. Beside this, accepting the legitimacy of difference and diversity in human behaviour and social structure. So at last but not least it must needed to understand that such power imbalances can be examined, negotiated and changed to provide equitable, effective, efficient and acceptable service delivery, which minimises risk to people who might otherwise be alienated from the service. Conclusion All above review has been evident for disparities and inequalities in health care between Maori and non-Maori. There is complex factor complex of factors associated with historical, social, economic, housing, and political views for access to The all above review has been evident for disparities and inequalities in health care health care that also underpinned by racism which leads ethics inequalities. Although study has reported how the uses of health care services in Maori and non Maori population at the different level and different way. So it is a combination approaches which meet the different views and cultural safety is one of the indigenous nursing approach which response to inequalities for Maori. References The British Institute of Human right.(2013).Human right tool kit. Different right –a balancing act? London ,U.K.Retrived from www.bihr.org.uk/human-right-in-action/chapter-3-different-rights-a balancing act. Jansen,P.,Bacal,K.,Crengel,S.(2008).He Ritenga Whakaaro:Maori experience of health services.Retrieved from http://www.nzdoctor.co.nz/media/6399/He-ritenga-Whakaaro.pdf. Jansen ,P., Smith,K.(2006).Maori experience of Primary healthcare:Breaking down the barriers.New Zealand Family Physician,33(5),298-300.Retrieved from http://www.rnzcgp.org.nz/assests/documents/Publications/Archive-NZFP/Oct-2006-NZFP-Vol-33-No-5/JansenOct06.pdf JaspinderkaurPage 1

Criticism of William Saroyans Five Ripe Pears :: Childhood Memories Novels Essays

Criticism of William Saroyans' Five Ripe Pears The boy declared that the pears were both the evidence of theft and the proof of innocence. In William Saroyans Novel, Five Ripe Pears, the critical approach that I decided to use is psychoanalytic criticism. I do know about Five Ripe Pears as a novel because I have done a paper on this novel before but I had no idea what psychoanalytic criticism was. Saroyans device of addressing Mr.Pollard (the principal) directly and using I really dominated the novel for me. It is almost like Saroyan is trying to be back in his childhood years. The style that Saroyan chooses by using figurative language and many metaphors really helped understand this essay for me. For example, Among the leaves I watched the pears, fat and yellow and red, full of the stuff of life, from the sun, and I wanted. Another thing to consider would be the point of view of narrator in style. By doing this Saroyan really wants the reader to know what he is talking about when he says, But it was not to eat. It was not to st eal. It was to know, the pear. Of life-the sum of it-which could decay. With this phrase that Saroyan uses it really threw me off as a reader. He was waiting for the perfect moment, almost like it was not about the pears anymore, but about his life. Saroyan wanted to grab that perfect moment in his life before it decayed or ended. What I really want to know is what does psychoanalytic criticism have to do with William Saroyans works and novels. I thought maybe that if I knew what this was I could apply it to what I already know about William Saroyans writings. I thought that Saroyan would say that psychoanalytic criticism is something that readers use to break down the author. Maybe to get beneath the novel and get those hidden meanings. I thought that this phrase was really just something that people use to explain why the author is talking about a certain subject or why the author has the novel end in a certain why. But what would William Saroyan do with this? A sensible Man is no less nave at six than at sixty, but few men are sensible. I think that if I knew what psychoanalytic criticism means to Saroyan as a writer I might know what he means when he says this.

Hitlers Gain of Power :: Papers

Hitler's Gain of Power When Hitler came to become chancellor in January 1933 his powers were relatively weak. Hitler had been appointed chancellor by the president, Hindenberg. Hindenberg had the power to appoint any chancellor he wishes, and can get rid of Hitler at any time. This means that Hindenberg controlled all of Hitler's power. The Nazi politicians were in the minority in the cabinet and in the Reichstag - only 3 in the first cabinet. Hitler only won 33% of the vote in 1932. Without this support it was hard to gain much support for Hitler. Also, the Generals had no loyalty to him. The German army, the Wehrmacht, were very powerful and had the power to overthrow Hitler is they wished. They were afraid that Hitler would replace the army with his own SA - which had increased in size dramatically since it was first created. Hitler managed to achieve complete control by 1934 by establishing a one-party state where he would have full control. He did this in several ways. The Reichstag building was burned down on 27 February 1933. This helped Hitler to gain a majority in the upcoming March election. The Nazis blamed the fire on the communists, specifically Van der Lubbe - and they claimed that he intended to spark a communist uprising in Germany. It is debatable as to who really caused the fire. Although Van der Lubbe confessed to it, some historians claim that the Nazis started the fire themselves deliberately to increase their chances of success. It is undeniable that Hitler did use the fire to help win the election. He launched a propaganda campaign to whip up fears of a communist uprising. This was hoped to frighten the middle-classed landowners into voting for them. The day following the fire, the "Reichstag fire decree" was introduced. This gave the Nazis the power to arrest a number of communists and socialists and hold them for unlimited periods of time without having to appear in court. The Nazis still failed to gain a majority in the Reichstag, receiving

Computer Manufacturing Industry Analysis

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS a. Definition of the Industry The following study presents a brief analysis of the Computer and Electronic Manufacturing Industry in the USA (NAICS 334 – North American Industry Classification System) with special focus on the Personal Computer’s sub-sector. I made the decision to focus on just one of the sub-sectors due to the large scope of the general industry. Industries in the Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing subsector group establishments that manufacture computers, computer peripherals, communications equipment, and similar electronic products, and establishments that manufacture components for such products. † (Bureau of Labor Statistics) Given the previous description of the general Industry, I can now go further in the definition of the real point of study for this paper, which is the Computer Manufacturing, clustered in laptops, PC’s and servers. â€Å"This industry manufactures and/or assembles personal co mputers (PCs), laptops and servers.Operators typically purchase computer components (e. g. motherboards and graphics cards) from dedicated manufacturers in other industries† (IBIS World report 33441a, Semiconductor and Circuit Manufacturing). â€Å"This industry does not include tablet computers, nor does it include manufacturers of computer monitors, mice, keyboards and printers† (IBIS World report 33411b, Computer Peripheral Manufacturing). When covering the whole industry, â€Å"The US computer manufacturing industry includes about 1,200 companies with combined annual revenue of about $75 billion.Major companies include Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and IBM. † (Hoovers 2012) The computer manufacturing industry’s revenue is divided and measured according to each of the sub sectors that conform it. â€Å"Personal computers account for about 40 percent of industry revenue; mainframes and servers, 13 percent; and storage devices, about 10 percent. † (HOOVER S) While respecting to the sub-industry in which this paper is focused (PC’s, laptops and servers), and considering just the United States, it is conformed by 355 businesses generating annual revenue up to US$37 billion.Being the leading companies Hewlett-Packard, Dell and Apple. The total amount of units sold for the industry must be taken in consideration from the quantity of units shipped in the last year: Preliminary United States PC Vendor Unit Shipment Estimates for 4Q11 (Units) Company 4Q11 Shipments 4Q11 Market Share (%) 4Q10 Shipments 4Q10 Market Share (%) 4Q11-4Q10 Growth (%) HP 4,137,833 23. 1 5,598,619 29. 4 -26. 1 Dell 4,020,549 22. 4 4,210,000 22. 1 -4. 5 Apple 2,074,800 11. 6 1,718,400 9. 0 20. 7 Toshiba 1,925,100 10. 7 1,968,091 10. 3 -2. 2 Acer Group 1,756,838 . 8 1,982,477 10. 4 -11. 4 Others 4,014,644 22. 4 3,583,418 18. 8 12. 0 Total 17,929,764 100. 0 19,061,005 100. 0 -5. 9 Note: Data includes desk-based PCs, mobile PCs, including mini-notebooks but not m edia tablets such as the iPad.? Source: Gartner (January 2012) Comparing the studied sub-industry results with previous years, profit and revenue have been constantly decreasing and the annual growth in the last 5 years have been negative for the industry in about 5. 1%. Analysts from IBIS project that this will continue falling for the future 5 more years.Nonetheless, â€Å"The industry is capital-intensive: annual revenue per employee is about $460,000† (HOOVERS), while the whole Computer Manufacturing Industry in the US counts with approximately (in thousands) 1,099. 9 employees. b. Internal and External Analysis OPORTUNITIES -There is a growing consumer demand for PCs and tablets. -â€Å"Their rapid growth (of the market) suggests that they will become even more important to the economies of all three North American countries in the future† (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012) -â€Å"The proliferation of cloud computing will prompt companies to increase their server investments† (IBIS 2012)THREATS -â€Å"Industry profit will continue to fall because of intense price competition† (IBIS World 2012) -â€Å"The  Computer Manufacturing industry  is being rapidly supplanted by imports, particularly from China. † (PR Web 2012) -Imports are a threat for local manufacturing revenue. â€Å"While import penetration in this industry stood at 50. 7% in 2007, imports are expected to satisfy an estimated 68. 6% of domestic demand in 2012,†Ã‚   (IBIS World 2012) -â€Å"While the emergence of new products and services will boost industry performance, US manufacturers are not expected to produce the required hardware (locally). (PR Web 2012) -â€Å"(†¦) Tablets will cut into industry revenue since they are manufactured abroad and are a competing force to domestic computer manufacturing. † (PR Web 2012) -â€Å"Computer and peripheral equipment prices fell from 2007 to 2012, and as a result, personal computer (PC) sales are estimated to generate razor-thin margins of 1. 0% in 2012. † (PR Web 2012) STRENGTHS -â€Å"The Computer Manufacturing industry operates in a highly globalized market, bringing together components that are manufactured worldwide for assembly in a single location.The concentration of computer manufacturing facilities near major ports comes as no surprise. With the widespread use of lean-manufacturing protocols, computer manufacturers heavily favor locations that minimize delays in getting products to market, not to mention shipping expenses. † (IBIS World 2012) -â€Å"Fortunately, PCs are not the only products in this industry, and industry profit, which includes computers and more profitable products, is expected to account for 3. 8% of revenue in 2012. † (PR Web 2012) WEAKNESSES The profitability of individual computer companies depends on purchasing and production efficiencies, and on technological expertise. (HOOVERS 2012) -â€Å"Computer manufacturing a nd design also require highly-educated employees† (IBIS World 2012), these are very hard to find, especially in the same area of the business offices. -â€Å"As a result of offshoring by US-based companies and increased competition from international firms, domestic manufacturing activity has declined†. (PR Web 2012) -The demand for the Computer Industry is tied to consumer and business income, so it’s very sensitive and variable. . Customer Analysis The total domestic (US) annual demand for the industry by the end of 2011 was US$62. 2 billion. â€Å"The industry's woes cannot be blamed on a lack of demand. In fact, the share of US households that owns at least one computer increased by 7. 5 percentage points from 2007 to 2012. While demand has grown, fierce competition and widespread product homogeneity (the result of computers being assembled from standardized components) have led to falling prices and profit margins† (PR Web 2012)The identified target m arkets/segments for the Computer Manufacturing Industry are the following: 1. Large corporate customers (B2B) – Big companies 2. Small and medium size businesses (B2B) – Who represent about 20% of U. S. sales 3. Individual Customers and Consumers (B2C) – Who represent about 10% of U. S. sales 4. Public sector (government and educational) customers. 3. Competitors Analysis The computer manufacturing industry is highly concentrated within its most revenue-significant businesses due to the top 50 companies are responsible of about 90 percent of the total industry’s revenue. Competition from abroad has tightened profit margins and prices on mass-market computer systems. Consequently, most of the industry's largest players operate in several related industries to diversify their revenue sources, with a particular emphasis on the highly profitable enterprise segment and Information Technology (IT) services. † Currently, Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Dell are t he largest US-based computer manufacturers, followed by Apple. The total revenue and market share of personal computers for the last year, regarding the top 3 companies in the industry is: . Hewlett Packard PC Market Share: 23. 1% Total Company Revenue (Jul 2011-Jul2012): $122. 52B 2. Dell PC Market Share: 22. 4% Total Company Revenue (Aug 2011-Aug 2012): $60. 30B 3. Apple PC Market Share: 11. 6% Total Company Revenue (Jun 2011-Jun2012): $148. 81B Brands Description: Hewlett Packard Hewlett-Packard Company and its subsidiaries provide products, technologies, software, solutions, and services to individual consumers and small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), as well as to the government, health, and education sectors worldwide.It divides in several segments according to their offerings: Personal Systems Group segment (commercial personal computers, software and services for the commercial and consumer markets), Services segment (consulting and outsourcing to businesses), Imaging and Printing Group segment (consumer and commercial), Enterprise Servers, Storage, and Networking segment (industry standard and business servers), Software segment (IT software and solutions), Financial Services segment (leasing, financing and utility programs for enterprise customers, SMBs, and other entities) and Business Intelligence Solutions.The company was founded in 1939 and is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. They serve more than 1 billion customers in more than 170 countries and have approximately 349,600 employees worldwide. HP defines its function in society like this: â€Å"We explore how technology and services can help people and companies address their problems and challenges, and realize their possibilities, aspirations and dreams. We apply new thinking and ideas to create more simple, valuable and trusted experiences with technology, continuously improving the way our customers live and work. † Hewlett-Packard HP Key Positioning: You + HP make it matt er. At HP we don’t just believe in the power of technology. We believe in the power of people when technology works for them. To help you create. To make the digital tangible. To harness the power of human information. At HP we work to make what you do matter even more. † (Hewlett-Packard) Dell Dell Inc. provides integrated technology solutions in the information technology (IT) industry worldwide. It designs, develops, manufactures, markets, sells, and supports mobility and desktop products, including notebooks, workstations, tablets, smartphones, and desktop PCs, as well as servers and networking products.The company also offers several technology solutions, systems, software and specialized services. The company sells its products and services directly through its sales representatives, telephone-based sales, and online sales; and through retailers, third-party solution providers, system integrators, and third-party resellers. It serves corporate businesses, law enfo rcement agencies, small and medium businesses, consumers, and public institutions that include government, education, and healthcare organizations. Dell Inc. was founded in 1984 and is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas.Dell describes its function in society like this: â€Å"In all we do, we’re focused on delivering solutions to enable smarter decisions and more effective outcomes so our customers can overcome obstacles, achieve their ideas and pursue their dreams. Above all, we are committed to the superior long-term value they need to grow and thrive. Dell Key Positioning: â€Å"Simple and affordable information technology for everyone† â€Å"They are focused on making information technology affordable for millions of customers around the world. As a result of direct relationships with customers.They are best positioned to simplify how customers implement and maintain information technology and deliver hardware, services, and software solutions tailored for their b usinesses and homes. † (MBA Knowledge Base 2012) Apple Apple Inc. , together with subsidiaries, designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players; and sells related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications worldwide.The company sells its products and services to consumers, small and mid-sized business, education, enterprise, and government customers through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. As of September 24, 2011, the company had 357 retail stores, including 245 stores in the United States and 112 stores internationally. Apple Inc. was founded in 1976 and is headquartered in Cupertino, California. Apple defines its function in society like this: Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings. †Ã‚  (Apple) Apple Key Positioning: Innovation leaders Competitive Advantage and Strategy of each: Apple’s â€Å"Post PC Strategy†: â€Å"They want to be the dominant operating system through your life – at home and on the move. That sounds a little geeky but it means that they want you to be so delighted with your experience on the iPhone’s operating system that you want that same experience on your tablet.After you are satisfied with that experience, you start to wonder why you are still using a PC versus a Mac or MacBook Air as your â€Å"desktop computer. †Ã‚   And then that will extend to your television. † (Forbes 2012) â€Å"Apple wants to own a generation of post-PC world users and block out their competitors until such time as they can present a higher-quality user experien ce than Apple. That might be a long time. † (Forbes 2012) â€Å"The accelerating popularity of mobile computing devices such as Apple Inc's iPad  has been eroding PC sales for years.To combat the erosion in sales to consumers, as well as dwindling margins as companies compete on price, Dell and HP have been gradually focusing more on sales to large enterprises. † (Reuters 2012) Dell’s Strategy: â€Å"Dell has been diversifying its revenue base in the face of weakened consumer demand, giving up low-margin sales to consumers and moving into higher-margin areas, such as catering to the technology needs of small and medium businesses in the public sector and the healthcare industry.The company now finds itself lagging larger rivals like HP and IBM in the race to become one-stop shops for corporate IT needs. † (Reuters 2012) HP’s Strategy: â€Å"HP today announced that it has completed its evaluation of strategic alternatives for its Personal Systems Group (PSG) and has decided the unit will remain part of the company. (†¦) PSG is a key component of HP’s strategy to deliver higher value, lasting relationships with consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and enterprise customers.The HP board of directors is confident that PSG can drive profitable growth as part of the larger entity and accelerate solutions from other parts of HP’s business. † 4. Executive Summary After this industry analysis, we can see that the computer manufacturing industry in the US is constantly loosing revenue and market share in the world. Almost every business in this Industry (top ranked) are loosing revenue and decreasing profitability. The only company that has increased revenue and has actually grown in the last five years is Apple.For this, I would recommend Apple’s executives to maintain their actual â€Å"Post-PC† strategy because it is known that demand for PC’s is decreasing while demand for oth er similar electronics such tablets is increasing and will continue doing so in the future. I would recommend Apple, as well, to focus a little bit also in extending their portfolio of offerings by including special services and solutions in order to attend the B2B market and gain some of their competitors share in this segment too. SOURCES 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics (http://www. bls. gov/iag/tgs/iag334. htm#about) 2.NAICS CODES (http://naicscode. com/search/MoreNAICSDetail. asp? N=33411) 3. IBIS World (http://www. ibisworld. com/industry/default. aspx? indid=740) 4. Hoovers (http://www. hoovers. com/industry-facts. computer-manufacturing. 1843. html#megamenu_0. html) 5. Gartner – Newsroom (http://www. gartner. com/it/page. jsp? id=1893523) 6. PR Web – Article: â€Å"Computer Manufacturing in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld†. August 14, 2012 (http://www. prweb. com/releases/2012/8/prweb9797684. htm) 7. Research and Markets (http://www. researchandmarkets. com/reportinfo. asp? eport_id=451844=e) 8. Fox Business (http://www. foxbusiness. com/technology/2012/01/12/apple-remains-in-third-place-with-116-us-computer-market/) 9. Yahoo Finance – HP (http://finance. yahoo. com/q/ks? s=HPQ) 10. Yahoo Finance – Dell (http://finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=dell) 11. Yahoo Finance – Apple (http://finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=aapl) 12. The Wall Street Journal (http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10000872396390443862604578030391796799174. html) 13. HP Official Web Page (www. hp. com) 14. Dell Official Web Page (www. dell. com) 15. Apple Official Web Page (www. apple. com) 16. Reuters