Effects Of Gender Roles On Marriage - 1306 Words

Introduction A study taken place in urban China analyzed the effects of gender roles on marriage. The study investigated the marriage rates of men versus women based on their educational attainment. By using data from the CGSS (Chinese General Social Surveys), the hypotheses were tested that college women have lower marriage rates than men, and husbands have higher education and women are younger with lower education. The study asked adults 18 years and older their age, level of education, age of first marriage, and spouse’s level of education, if applicable. Education levels were placed into four categories: less than senior high school, senior high school, vocational school, and four-year college or more. The age groups identified†¦show more content†¦Based on the results of the study, men’s likelihood of marriage is related to a higher level of education, while women’s likelihood of marriage decreases with their increased schooling. Culture Application This study examined the divide between gender cultures in urban China. According to Qian (2014), women in their late 20s were referred to as â€Å"leftover ladies† (p. 1337). Because of the low average marriage age of women, the odds of them marrying later is unlikely. The effect that education is placed on marriage depends on the differences in gender roles. Because China was previously under a socialist economy, gender inequality in the work place was not as drastic as it is now. China’s female employment rate was among the highest in the world at that time. Once China shifted from a planned economy to a market economy, the motive to keep gender equality in the workplace diminished, causing a decrease in women workers. Traditional values emerged again in China, where the role of the breadwinner was taken by the men and the housemaker role was established by the women. This influenced the next generations when their children would marry. Arranged marriages are illegal in China, but parents still play a primary role in their children’s marriages. The parents could be raising their children in the same traditional values they grew up on. The women would teach their daughters how to run a household,Show MoreRelatedGender Roles In Susan Glaspells Trifles935 Words   |  4 PagesAllya Henry Professor Hopkins ENC1102/CRN10807 4 October 2017 Gender Roles in â€Å"Trifles† Early twentieth century America is shaped by World War I , the effects of industrial growth, and a beginning of a new age in literature. Despite movements for progressive reforms like the prohibition of alcohol and the movement for women’s suffrage women’s rights were still limited by traditional gender roles. Women are a â€Å"detached portion† of their husbands and expected to submit to his every demand. As resultRead MoreJudy Bradys I Want a Wife1416 Words   |  6 Pages There have been many studies about gender roles in a marriage. The wife seems to do a lot. 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Modern Art Essay Free Essays

Pablo Picasso, one of the most renowned European painters of the 20th century, has passed through various stages in his art reflected in numerous paintings. Two of his paintings, â€Å"Girl with Mandolin† (1911) and â€Å"Les Demoiselles d`Avignon† (1907), refer to the Cubist period in Picasso’s art. The two works are in many ways similar as they have been painted by the same artist, carrying traces of Picasso’s crisp and thoughtful style, and refer to the same period in Picasso’s life and same artistic movement – Cubism. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Art Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time, the artist does not repeat himself in his paintings over and over again, so the two works are different in many ways. The earlier work, â€Å"Les Demoiselles d`Avignon†, is a group portrait of five prostitutes from this French town. They are naked, and their postures indicate that they are trying to be seductive. Even so, the women are represented in grotesque manner: their shapes are distorted, their faces are just a combination of features inadequately fitting one another, and two of the women look as if they put on rather intimidating masks on their faces. In fact, the painter here implied a connection to the traditional African masks that fascinated him at the moment when this picture was created. Picasso himself named â€Å"Les Demoiselles d`Avignon† â€Å"first exorcism painting† (MoMa). The prostitutes are depicted as ugly, intimidating creatures that have little femininity despite their obvious wish for attraction. The specific Cubist forms serve to underscore this brutality of their looks. The setting of the brothel, as will become typical of Cubist works, is not explored in depth. Rather, it serves as a pale background for the picture that is simply there in order not to leave the girls hanging in the air by themselves. The background then serves mostly as framing for the figures that take on the primary importance in the picture. The fruits on the table, the walls – all of this is only secondary to the group in the foreground. â€Å"Girl with Mandolin† (1911) is a much more Romantic image. Here the Cubist manner begins to converge with Abstract art, a tendency that is yet to assert itself. The form disintegrates even further, the surroundings are unclear, and only the girl’s figure stands out from the background of the picture, appealing to the viewer with its elegant, shapely form. The girl, much like Avignon prostitutes, is presented as a set of cubes, but these cubes unite to create a simple and elegant whole rather than a disgusting shape. The mandolin, a musical instrument, is represented in a much more realistic way, but the whole environment in which it placed creates a light air of surreal music. The viewer is seeing a picture that creates the impression of uttering a sound so that the audience can feel the sounds emanating from the work. The Cubist shapes are there not to make the girl lose her feminine shape and look ugly; on the contrary, they make her look like a celestial creature that is too elevated and unreal to be depicted in gross, realistic terms that will depict in detail the texture of her dress, color of the hair, etc. instead, the artist presents a generalised picture of nearly pure femininity. Thus, the two pictures are similar in the first place through their Cubist method. Among the styles developed by Picasso, Cubism is perhaps the best known, focused on dealing â€Å"with envisioning objects from multiple vantage points at the same time† (Pablo Picasso).   The composition of the painting as an object consisting of several perspectives of the same object creates the peculiar angular form that is present in both â€Å"Girl with Mandolin† and â€Å"Les Demoiselles d`Avignon†. At the same time, the later â€Å"Girl with Mandolin† is in a sense even ‘more Cubist’ as it completely leaves out the traces of realism, such as depiction of fruits on the table in â€Å"Les Demoiselles d`Avignon† that are not broken down into the Cubist multiple shapes. The message of â€Å"Girl with Mandolin† is totally different from that of â€Å"Les Demoiselles d`Avignon†, as the first picture is a hymn to ethereal femininity, while the second is the grotesque portrayal of the five prostitutes who strike the viewer with their awkward forms. Thus, viewers of the two paintings can trace in them the evolution of Picasso’s style as he progresses from the initial conception of Cubism to the well-developed idea of that style that has in itself become a certain canon for other artists. Cubism, with its emphasis on the sculptural form of the objects, is also focused on the unexpected representation of the portrayed figures. Like in many classical works, the artist strives for generalization of either attractive or unattractive womanhood, portraying its different poles. The two paintings are a vivid example of how an artist can use the same method to convey two different messages, that of glorifying and denigrating an object, and be successful in both cases. Picasso in each case creates a vivid and memorable image that chimes in with the reader’s innermost ideas and perceptions. Bibliography Picasso, Pablo. Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier). 1911. 5 December 2005 http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso/tellier.jpg.html. Picasso, Pablo (1883-1971). 5 December 2005 http://www.incompetech.com/art/picasso.html. Picasso, Pablo. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. Paris, June-July 1907. 5 December 2005 How to cite Modern Art Essay, Essay examples

Sales and Operations Planning Framework

Question: Discuss about the Sales and Operations Planning Framework. Answer: Introduction Accounting plays vital role in the recording, analyzing, and summarizing the financial transaction of the company. The report analyzes that organizational structure has great impact on the operation of the company. Thereby, this report assesses the operational problems going in Telstra by the help of organizational structure. Furthermore, this report discovers the software acquisition method used by Telstra. Along with this, it encompasses the sales flow chart of the Telstra. At the same time, it discusses the development and adoption of accounting software in Telstra. Apart from this, it identifies the software company taking competitive advantage in market of accounting software. The report also identifies different challenges and gaps in service of SAASU are being faced by the users. Eventually, it includes some recommendation to resolve the problems and challenges in SAASU accounting software. Current Organization Structure According to Harper (2015), the organizational structure is comprised of the responsibilities and roles to be assigned to the employees or staffs in the company. The effective organizational structure leads to the effective management of operation of the organizational activities. Every organization has to clearly define and assign the roles and responsibilities to staff for obtaining the objectives and goals. The organizational structure is mostly of two types, which are flat organizational structure and hierarchical or vertical organizational structure. The hierarchical structure is used by the Telstra as Telstra think that this structure helps in developing the better reporting and order relationship among staff. Along with this, as stated by Cummings and Worley (2014), hierarchical structure helps in developing effective communication system in the organization and improving the effectiveness of employees. The organizational structure of Telstra is given below: The above diagram is reflecting the organizational structure of Telstra. From the above diagram, it is clear that the Telstra has different business units. Thus, it can be said that the Telstra effectively measures the performance of employees working there with the help of this structure. Operational Problems According to Hajir, et al, (2015) this is the responsibility of the operational department to discover different operational risks in the organization. Generally, the ineffective structure of the organization causes operational problem in the organization. There are different operational problems or issues such as wastage, delay in accomplishment, quality issue, management and control issue, and work culture issue. In similar context, Telstra also suffers different operational problems when telecommunication activities are being operated. Such as, the president of the company is not able to manage production and operation of the company and if he is given responsibility of the management, then it is of course a risk. As stated by Burke and Noumair (2015), ineffective structure of the organization would cause conflicts between departments because ambiguity of the role and responsibility and reporting authority may cause confusion among employees. Thereby, it may lead to the disputes between superior and subordinate or managers and employees. Therefore, to resolve the conflicts, there should be an effective structure establishing effective relation, which can lead to the coordination and collaboration among departments. Apart from this, Uygun, et al., (2015) stated that customers are not enjoying the service of the company effectively as due to the network outstage of the company. This leads the dissatisfaction among the customers. The incongruence of services and technologies leads the Telstra to encounter the quality related issues. In the words of Palmer (2012), the efforts of the market department of the organization are not enough to patronize the customers. The marketing efforts may affect the growth the organization and service to customers. The communication may lead to the serious issues in the operational process of the organization. The poor communication may lead the stress between department that affects the growth and customer service of company. Therefore, organization should focus on the improving the communication system and removing the communication issues to ensure organizational effectiveness. In contrast to this, Holtzman and Anderberg, (2011) pointed out that ambiguous objective leads the confusion to management while taking decision. Thus, the there should be clear goals and objectives for the departments aligned with organizational objectives otherwise it may affect the sustainable growth the Telstra. The ambiguity of the goals and roles may lead the confusion among employees that can crea te stress at workplace. For instance, if there is no proper and effective response by the staff of the organization to customers regarding their complaints, it may put negative impact on the image of the company that will affect the competitiveness of the organization. Therefore, it can be said that above defined operational problems may influence the productivity, image, employees satisfaction, customers retention and customer service of the Telstra. Acquisition Methods of Telstra Congedo et al, (2016) found that ERP acquisition was used by Telstra for meeting its objective of improving the customer service and efficiency, maximize the return, improving productivity and others. Hence, Telstra went with SAP and Accenture for better management of its services. Along with this, The ERP method of acquisition is very effective for organization to resolve the business problems. Thus, Telstra possibly will give license to SAP solution (Telstra Connected Clouds, 2017). The ERP is deemed to be effective acquisition method in improving the organizational efficiency, customer service, security of data, and gathering information. In comparison to ERP, other methods requires skilled and experienced IT person for handling. It defiantly generates extra cost for the company. Along with this, Telstra should focus on reducing its cost and time in operation. There should be transparency of the operation so that customer can have the relevant information about the plans of compan y. Wang et al (2012), sale is an important activity of any organization for delivering the products or services. The sales flow chart shows the process of selling of products or services of the company. It comprises of the process of development, coordination, and communication, problems solving, and preparing documentation of the company. Therefore, the flowchart of Telstra is given below: The above diagram of the sales flow chart of the Telstra reflects that company effectively provides different kinds of telecommunication services to customers. The sales flow chart can help the company in reducing the time and cost to minimum. As stated by Gelinas et al (2011), the sales flow chart can assist the company in dealing with sales people by establishing effective communication between them. The sales flow chart can help in discovering and eliminating the errors and issues in sales process of company. Along with this, sales flow chart can help in managing the sales operation of the company. In support of this, Hall, (2015) stated that sales flow chart shows the connectivity of sales department with others activities or departments in the organization. Hence, the sales flow chart of Telstra depicts how it creates values for its ultimate customers. Control and Fraud Problems in the System Elbashir et al, (2011) explained that control is the function of management in which the management ensures the activities of the organization are being operated as per the decided standards. The control is the process of comparing the actual performance of the company or activity with standards predefined for them. The issues may be internal and external that has to be controlled by every organization for ensuring uninterrupted operation. Telstra also faces internal problems in operation of telecommunication services and activities, for example; internal control system, cyber security, and ineffective operation due to lack of expertise. In the words of Subudhi and Panigrahi, (2015), if the system of control is ineffective in the organization may cause a fraud issues there. For instance, illegal use of telecommunication, network security, and infrastructure may cause fraud. The fraud may be due to change in technology, call transfer, wrong or falsified answer, and wrong use of the ai rtime. Development and Adoption of Accounting Software Packages As stated by Seethamraju (2015), the development and use of the software can aid the organization in solving the complex problems and saving the cost and time as well. There are different kinds of accounting software that can be used by the Australian large, medium, and small businesses for the effective management of finance. These soft wares include XERO, SAASU, and MYOB. Seethamraju, (2015) pointed out that SAASU was developed by Marc and Grant in the year 2000. It was fostered as model of service in its initial phase. SAASU was formed to assist in coding, linking with PayPal, automatic billing, forecasting of cash flow, accounting management, and maintaining the inventory. Australian companies started to use this with investment of $1 million. Halpert, (2011) stated that Telstra tends to adopt SAASU software, as it is very useful in providing cloud computing, professional services, accounting and reporting, maintaining inventory and customer data base. Thus, many Australian companies are using SAASU for making smooth their operation. SAASU software is able to record the transaction of $125 million from 80000 users. According to Lee et al (2013), SAASU is closely related to the approaches of the marketing and other systems. SAASU provides its service not only in Australia but in global market also to enjoy higher market share. The overall market size of SAASU is 17%. Furthermore, SAASU has more than 20000 clients in Australian market. Apart from this, Ma and Seidmann, (2015) found that around 20500 business customers are using the service of SAASU. Hence, the SAASU has clients such as Jims Franchise Group and McDonald. Tarkoma, (2010) pointed out different leaders in the market of accounting software package, which include XERO, SAASU, RECKON, MYOB, and QUICKBOOKS. Thus, there is stiff competition in market which provides opportunity of the accounting and financial services for startups at lower cost. However, SAASU can be effective to use by SMEs, as it provide detailed data of the different accounting that support effective decision making. It can provide effectiveness to the operation of the company. Millions of transaction take place throughout the year wroth of billions in dollar therefore SAASU is able to record the transaction worth of billions. Therefore, company enjoys leadership position in Asia-Pacific software accounting market based on excellence of its services. The free up gradation service of the software to clients provides the SAASU with competitive advantage in the market. According to Ram, et al (2014), the accuracy of the data, whenever and wherever it is accessed by users, also supports competitiveness of SAASU. This software can be used by large numbers of users simultaneously without realizing any issue. Along with this, the quality and integrity of the services according to global standards also provides the company with competitive advantage. Current Gaps and Challenges of SAASU Accounting Software and Recommendations SAASU is having good competitive advantage however some business users have realized service gap in the accounting software while executing business functions. Therefore, I want to recommend some ways to SAASU for improving its services. It should focus on retaining its employees. Along with this, Lewis, (2016) states that SAASU needs to motivate and train its employees for improving their performance and ensure they are satisfied at workplace. This will help in reducing the level of conflicts and executing changes. Apart from this, SAASU should employ strict policies, automatic data processing system, and emphasize on the review and supervision of the services. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be said that Telstra uses hierarchical organizational structure in its operation. Different operational problems such as communication and departmental disputes are there in Telstra. Along with this, ERP acquisition method is used by Telstra for overwhelming the issues and improving the efficiency. Moreover, Telstra uses SAASU accounting software for effective management of accounting information. References: Burke, W. W., Noumair, D. A. (2015)Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press. Congedo, M., Korczowski, L. and Delorme, A. (2016) Spatio-temporal common pattern: A companion method for ERP analysis in the time domain.Journal of neuroscience methods,267, pp.74-88. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014)Organization development and change. USA: Cengage learning. Elbashir, M. Z., Collier, P. A., Sutton, S. G. (2011) The role of organizational absorptive capacity in strategic use of business intelligence to support integrated management control systems.The Accounting Review,86(1), 155-184. Gelinas, U. J., Dull, R. B., Wheeler, P. (2011)Accounting information systems. USA: Cengage learning. Hajir, J. A., Obeidat, B. Y., Al-dalahmeh, M. A. and Masadeh, R. (2015) The role of knowledge management infrastructure in enhancing innovation at mobile telecommunication companies in Jordan.European Journal of Social Sciences,50(3), pp.313-330. Halpert, B. (2011)Auditing cloud computing: A security and privacy guide(Vol. 21). USA: John Wiley Sons. Harper, C. (2015)Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. UK: Routledge. Holtzman, Y., Anderberg, J. (2011) Diversify your teams and collaborate: because great minds don't think alike.Journal of Management Development,30(1), 75-92. Lee, S., Park, S. B. and Lim, G. G. (2013) Using balanced scorecards for the evaluation of Software-as-a-service.Information Management,50(7), pp.553-561. Lewis, W. E. (2016)Software testing and continuous quality improvement. USA: CRC press. Ma, D. and Seidmann, A. (2015) Analyzing software as a service with per-transaction charges.Information Systems Research,26(2), pp.360-378. Palmer, A. (2012)Introduction to marketing: theory and practice. USA: Oxford University Press. Ram, J., Wu, M. L. and Tagg, R. (2014) Competitive advantage from ERP projects: Examining the role of key implementation drivers.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.663-675. Seethamraju, R. (2015) Adoption of software as a service (SaaS) enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).Information systems frontiers,17(3), 475-492. Subudhi, S. and Panigrahi, S. (2015) Quarter-Sphere support vector machine for fraud detection in mobile telecommunication networks.Procedia Computer Science,48, pp.353-359. Tarkoma, A. (2010) Overlay Networks: Toward Information Networking. USA: CRC Press. Telstra (2017) Annual Report. [Online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf%20A/2014-Annual-Report.pdf (Accessed: 22 April 2017). Telstra Connected clouds (2017) Telstra Connected clouds [Online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/business-enterprise/download/document/business-Telstra-connected-clouds-brochure.pdf (Accessed: 22 April 2017). Uygun, ., Kaamak, H. and Kahraman, . A. (2015) An integrated DEMATEL and Fuzzy ANP techniques for evaluation and selection of outsourcing provider for a telecommunication company.Computers Industrial Engineering,86, pp.137-146. Wang, J. Z., Hsieh, S. T., Hsu, P. Y. (2012) Advanced sales and operations planning framework in a company supply chain.International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,25(3), 248-262.